Introduction of Arabian dromedaries into Africa.
http://www.pnas.org/content/113/24/6707.full.pdf
"The absence of genetic structure between WNAF and NAP 0.05) points to an extensive exchange of dromedaries introduced into northeastern Africa from the Arabian Peninsula via the Sinai possibly
starting in the early first millennium BCE and intensifying in the Ptolemaic period (1, 17). From here, dromedaries spread across northern Africa, but their adoption into local economies may have been slow, considering that the first unequivocal evidence for their presence in northwestern Africa comes from archaeological layers dating to the fourth to the seventh century CE
WNAF-NAP showed close cross-continental affinities with Southern Arabian and Asian dromedaries, the two African populations were genetically the most distant ( in contrast with their geographical
proximity. The lowest pairwise genetic distances for Eastern African dromedaries were actually measured with the SAP populations,, suggesting a few possible routes for domestic dromedaries to be introduced to Eastern Africa. These involve thetransfer from the Arabian Peninsula by boat either directly across the Gulf of Aden or further north across the Red Sea to Egypt and then traveling south along the western coast of the Red Sea to
northwestern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia . Seaborne introduction appears likely, because there is increasing
evidence that the southern Arabian Peninsula played an important role in domestication [e.g., African wild ass (29)] and in the transfer of crops and livestock [e.g., zebu cattle, fat-tailed sheep between South Asia and the African continent. Additional evidence for a separate introduction might come from socio-ethological ob-
servations; today's Eastern African dromedaries are used largely for milk production rather than for riding and transportation, and this use could be rooted in practices associated with the early stage of
dromedary husbandry in the southern Arabian Peninsula."
Camels don't become common in Africa until the 4th-6th centuries AD. Another article states the earliest known from the Horn is 1300 AD. The earliest in Africa went through Sinai. The East African Camels are likely a later and separate introduction, probably by boat. Is it a coincidence only that the northern Samaale clan patriarchs arrive and the clans form at about this time?
http://www.pnas.org/content/113/24/6707.full.pdf
"The absence of genetic structure between WNAF and NAP 0.05) points to an extensive exchange of dromedaries introduced into northeastern Africa from the Arabian Peninsula via the Sinai possibly
starting in the early first millennium BCE and intensifying in the Ptolemaic period (1, 17). From here, dromedaries spread across northern Africa, but their adoption into local economies may have been slow, considering that the first unequivocal evidence for their presence in northwestern Africa comes from archaeological layers dating to the fourth to the seventh century CE
WNAF-NAP showed close cross-continental affinities with Southern Arabian and Asian dromedaries, the two African populations were genetically the most distant ( in contrast with their geographical
proximity. The lowest pairwise genetic distances for Eastern African dromedaries were actually measured with the SAP populations,, suggesting a few possible routes for domestic dromedaries to be introduced to Eastern Africa. These involve thetransfer from the Arabian Peninsula by boat either directly across the Gulf of Aden or further north across the Red Sea to Egypt and then traveling south along the western coast of the Red Sea to
northwestern Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia . Seaborne introduction appears likely, because there is increasing
evidence that the southern Arabian Peninsula played an important role in domestication [e.g., African wild ass (29)] and in the transfer of crops and livestock [e.g., zebu cattle, fat-tailed sheep between South Asia and the African continent. Additional evidence for a separate introduction might come from socio-ethological ob-
servations; today's Eastern African dromedaries are used largely for milk production rather than for riding and transportation, and this use could be rooted in practices associated with the early stage of
dromedary husbandry in the southern Arabian Peninsula."
Camels don't become common in Africa until the 4th-6th centuries AD. Another article states the earliest known from the Horn is 1300 AD. The earliest in Africa went through Sinai. The East African Camels are likely a later and separate introduction, probably by boat. Is it a coincidence only that the northern Samaale clan patriarchs arrive and the clans form at about this time?
