The Arabians and Mesopotamian Connection

I think the issue with the Arabian tribal debate is that there were linguistic change, tribal-rule change, and fundamentally separate rule orientations for identity that we assume is exactly like today. So it might in fact be impossible to uncover a picture, by looking into the past. Unknown dynamic complexities of the ancient past are masked through an extant consistent diachronic picture that is limited in retrospective hindsight. The myth might be real, the linguistic picture might be real, they might seem contradictory and in reality, they might not be. We are missing tons of information and use the wrong assumptions for creating a coherent theoretical model so it is all a mess.

Me, I used to think that myths take a second stage. I think it is unwise to denounce the myth to superficial levels and they might be correct in ways we can't really grasp with our current limited understanding. I would have undervalued the myth stories 5 years ago. I think the two Arab tribes and Arabized tribes are in fact both Arabs too, in a deeper sense.

I don't know how the ancestors of prophet Ibrahim (AS) ended up in Mesopotamia but I have a theory which I am more convinced of now that the genesis of early Sumerians was heavily from peninsular Arab. Some of you guys might remember the random map outlining I did out of intuition from months back. Well, I recently checked things out and they are not at all far-fetched but laid upon heavy evidentiary ground:
1686253765960.png


The Sumerians had an origin myth that said they came from the sea. That has to be Arabia. When they arrived in southern Mesopotamia, they settled, and they probably had contact with the descendants of those Levantine Neolithic farmers that later pushed further south, and maybe some Zagrozian influence to a lesser degree (but more present way later).

In this way, I don't think it is far-fetched to think that the people were aware of their Arabian origins, furthermore, the prophet Ibrahim (AS) and his people were aware of their relations. To strengthen this, the prophet Ibrahim (AS) had Arabian ancestors that we know, Hud (AS), another prophet of Islam.

On a genetic plain, I claim the view that the Ubaid culture-holders, particularly the bulk of their ancestry, were from Arabia. The people then mixed cultures with the northern Mesopotamia that were descendants of farmers of a separate eastern fertile crescent origin.

These people knew of their origin. For example, in the Epic of Gilgamesh, their ancestor was a man they later deified called Utunapishtim, who was from a place at that time called Dilmum, recognized as current Kuwait. To them, Dilmum was known as the land of immortality. Gilgamesh wanted to go back to his mythological progenitors' place of origin and find a source to an ever-lasting life, which he failed after doing the journey.

Her is an abstract showing a strong network of interaction:

Excavations at H3, Kuwait, throw important new light on the economy of the Arabian Neolithic, the early history of seafaring and boat-building, and relations with Ubaid Mesopotamia. It is now clear that the inhabitants of the eastern seaboard of the Arabian Peninsula were active players in a complex network that linked Mesopotamia, the northern and southern Gulf and perhaps Iran during the 6th and 5th millennia BC. Excavations at H3, Kuwait, throw important new light on the economy of the Arabian Neolithic, the early history of seafaring and boat-building, and relations with Ubaid Mesopotamia. It is now clear that the inhabitants of the eastern seaboard of the Arabian Peninsula were active players in a complex network that linked Mesopotamia, the northern and southern Gulf and perhaps Iran during the 6th and 5th millennia BC.

Here is the conclusion from an archeological paper showing connections between Ubaid and Arabian Neolithic:

Secondly, this cultural borderland may have extended all the way to southern Iraq and even Susiana, given the evidence for Arabian Neolithic‐related arrowheads clustered around Ur, Uruk and Susa, a presence which is perhaps also visible ceramically at Oueili and Eridu. Following Oates (1960), Potts notes that a variety of different population groups may have existed in southern Iraq during the early–mid Holocene, originating from the Zagros to the east, from northern Mesopotamia and from northern Arabia, to which one should add the still‐infilling Gulf basin (Rose, 2010: 868).

Potts also speculated that ameliorated climatic conditions may have “attracted elements of the hunting‐gathering‐herding population attested throughout northern Arabia in much less favourable ecological niches” (Potts, 1997: 52), but the north‐westwards extension of the Gulf coast is an equally likely source of attraction to coastally adapted Neolithic communities, providing a natural expansion of their range. Bieliński (2018: 29) also noted the likelihood of regular contacts between Kuwait and southern Iraq, potentially including overland contacts meeting at the border between the desert and the southern Mesopotamian marshes, in a model similar to Masry’s. Thus, coastal Neolithic communities may have frequently visited or permanuently inhabited the fringes of the Gulf around the sothern Iraqi sites, absorbing significant elements of Mesopotamian material culture, symbolic language and behaviour through acculturation or intermarriage. Similar interactions may have occurred with the settled population of Susiana. These Neolithic groups would have been similar to and in contact with the trading communities of Kuwait, potentially even being the same groups moving in patterns of seasonal migration. Within such zones the boundaries of archaeological cultures such as the Mesopotamian Ubaid and the Arabian Neolithic become fuzzy and break down, and the concept of the archaeological culture itself loses meaning (Campbell, 1999; Carter & Philip, 2010).

Woolley (1955: 11) characterised the Ubaid settlement at Ur as follows: “we have evidence of a commerce strangely at variance with the seeming simplicity of the primitive village. In the latter part of the period al ‘Ubaid I [i.e. Ubaid 3] there was in lower Mesopotamia a community leading a well‐organised life dependent in the first place indeed on farming, centred on its fertile soil, but none the less in close touch with a wider world.” His statement is prescient, as at the time of writing (the early 1930s) there was no knowledge of contacts with the Gulf region, and knowledge of the Ubaid horizon in the north was only just beginning to emerge. The evidence presented in this paper demonstrates how such contact could have been mediated by borderland communities living in Kuwait, southern Iraq and south‐western Iran during the late sixth–early fifth millennia BC

This substantiates my claims too. Strong archeological proof for the contact I outlined (good read):


So when Isma'eel (AS) came as a baby to Arabia, it would be like if Somalis went into the diaspora and came back a thousand years later with their people still living there. They would be of the same people but re-introduced and re-assimilated. So Adnanites and Qahtanite should in theory be an older sibling group in the first place. To give an analogy, it's like saying Af-Maay speakers are Somalized -- when we both are Somali groups. True, af-Maxaa is dominant and so af-Maay speakers lean towards us more than we do toward them, but it is their common heritage, so it is not like their conforming to foreignness. Similarly, Qahanites were the Arabs that stayed in Arabia, and the Adnanites were likely acculturated towards them. But that does not mean Adnanites did not come from Arabia originally or were not related to Qahtanite in the ancient sense.

We're talking about a supra-regional complex interaction before Mesopotamia had scripts, ziggurats, and all the grandiose characteristics of the "first civilization." I also have a hunch that Sumerian is an old Arabian language. About 65% I speculate that it represented a language from pre-Semitic Arabia. Is it not so far-fetched if the proto-Sumerians had heavy Neolithic Arabian background? And you know the pastoralist people always have this linguistic dominance. Why not include the language too? Might as well, since pushing the envelope is interesting.:icon lol:
 
I think the issue with the Arabian tribal debate is that there were linguistic change, tribal-rule change, and fundamentally separate rule orientations for identity that we assume is exactly like today. So it might in fact be impossible to uncover a picture, by looking into the past. Unknown dynamic complexities of the ancient past are masked through an extant consistent diachronic picture that is limited in retrospective hindsight. The myth might be real, the linguistic picture might be real, they might seem contradictory and in reality, they might not be. We are missing tons of information and use the wrong assumptions for creating a coherent theoretical model so it is all a mess.

Me, I used to think that myths take a second stage. I think it is unwise to denounce the myth to superficial levels and they might be correct in ways we can't really grasp with our current limited understanding. I would have undervalued the myth stories 5 years ago. I think the two Arab tribes and Arabized tribes are in fact both Arabs too, in a deeper sense.

I don't know how the ancestors of prophet Ibrahim (AS) ended up in Mesopotamia but I have a theory which I am more convinced of now that the genesis of early Sumerians was heavily from peninsular Arab. Some of you guys might remember the random map outlining I did out of intuition from months back. Well, I recently checked things out and they are not at all far-fetched but laid upon heavy evidentiary ground:
View attachment 278048

The Sumerians had an origin myth that said they came from the sea. That has to be Arabia. When they arrived in southern Mesopotamia, they settled, and they probably had contact with the descendants of those Levantine Neolithic farmers that later pushed further south, and maybe some Zagrozian influence to a lesser degree (but more present way later).

In this way, I don't think it is far-fetched to think that the people were aware of their Arabian origins, furthermore, the prophet Ibrahim (AS) and his people were aware of their relations. To strengthen this, the prophet Ibrahim (AS) had Arabian ancestors that we know, Hud (AS), another prophet of Islam.

On a genetic plain, I claim the view that the Ubaid culture-holders, particularly the bulk of their ancestry, were from Arabia. The people then mixed cultures with the northern Mesopotamia that were descendants of farmers of a separate eastern fertile crescent origin.

These people knew of their origin. For example, in the Epic of Gilgamesh, their ancestor was a man they later deified called Utunapishtim, who was from a place at that time called Dilmum, recognized as current Kuwait. To them, Dilmum was known as the land of immortality. Gilgamesh wanted to go back to his mythological progenitors' place of origin and find a source to an ever-lasting life, which he failed after doing the journey.

Her is an abstract showing a strong network of interaction:



Here is the conclusion from an archeological paper showing connections between Ubaid and Arabian Neolithic:



This substantiates my claims too. Strong archeological proof for the contact I outlined (good read):


So when Isma'eel (AS) came as a baby to Arabia, it would be like if Somalis went into the diaspora and came back a thousand years later with their people still living there. They would be of the same people but re-introduced and re-assimilated. So Adnanites and Qahtanite should in theory be an older sibling group in the first place. To give an analogy, it's like saying Af-Maay speakers are Somalized -- when we both are Somali groups. True, af-Maxaa is dominant and so af-Maay speakers lean towards us more than we do toward them, but it is their common heritage, so it is not like their conforming to foreignness. Similarly, Qahanites were the Arabs that stayed in Arabia, and the Adnanites were likely acculturated towards them. But that does not mean Adnanites did not come from Arabia originally or were not related to Qahtanite in the ancient sense.

We're talking about a supra-regional complex interaction before Mesopotamia had scripts, ziggurats, and all the grandiose characteristics of the "first civilization." I also have a hunch that Sumerian is an old Arabian language. About 65% I speculate that it represented a language from pre-Semitic Arabia. Is it not so far-fetched if the rproto-Sumerians had heavy Neolithic Arabian background? And you know the pastoralist people always have this linguistic dominance. Why not include the language too? Might as well, since pushing the envelope is interesting.:icon lol:
I agree and this is why Adnan tribes are FGC11 which has its highest diversity in Yemen. In other words Ibrahim (as) and his tribe were of ancient Arabian stock that migrated to Mesopotamia from southern Arabia. Many Semitic tribes migrated to Mesopotamia to “semitise” the region like Arameans, Akkadians, Amorites etc. There is a reason why Yemen has some of the oldest and most basal P58 lineages as well as older lineages like p56, ZS4416 etc

The story of Ad also takes place in Hadhramaut in Al ahqaf in what’s now Yemen, Oman borders.
 
I agree and this is why Adnan tribes are FGC11 which has its highest diversity in Yemen. In other words Ibrahim (as) and his tribe were of ancient Arabian stock that migrated to Mesopotamia from southern Arabia. Many Semitic tribes migrated to Mesopotamia to “semitise” the region like Arameans, Akkadians, Amorites etc. There is a reason why Yemen has some of the oldest and most basal P58 lineages as well as older lineages like p56, ZS4416 etc

The story of Ad also takes place in Hadhramaut in Al ahqaf in what’s now Yemen, Oman borders.
It's fascinating how Levantine Semites were described as backward by Sumerians. Later those herders moved into Mesopotamia, settled, and became the rulers. Pastoralists tend to become elites when they settle down among sedentary people.
 
It's fascinating how Levantine Semites were described as backward by Sumerians. Later those herders moved into Mesopotamia, settled, and became the rulers. Pastoralists tend to become elites when they settle down among sedentary people.
Yes you are right. The funny thing is that every one of these Semites that settled in Mesopotamia would get conquered culturally by another group of new pastoralists Semites. For example, Akkadians took over from Sumerians. After that Amorites took over from Akkadians. After that Arameans took over from Amorites. After that Qathanite tribes took over from the Arameans. All the tribes started of as pastoralist who would eventually get culturally assimilated by a newer wave of Semitic pastoralists. Sumerians are an exception of course since they are not Semites or pastoralist to begin with
 
Yes you are right. The funny thing is that every one of these Semites that settled in Mesopotamia would get conquered culturally by another group of new pastoralists Semites. For example, Akkadians took over from Sumerians. After that Amorites took over from Akkadians. After that Arameans took over from Amorites. After that Qathanite tribes took over from the Arameans. All the tribes started of as pastoralist who would eventually get culturally assimilated by a newer wave of Semitic pastoralists. Sumerians are an exception of course since they are not Semites or pastoralist to begin with
I think the ancestors of those Sumerians, their ancestors or before that, were significantly from non-Semitic speaking Arabians from the eastern side of the Arabian Peninsular, so they were once delving into herding themselves. It makes it interesting to think that the Sumerian language might be a picture of what related languages the Eastern Neolithic Arabians spoke before Afro-Asiatic dominated.
 
I think the ancestors of those Sumerians, their ancestors or before that, were significantly from non-Semitic speaking Arabians from the eastern side of the Arabian Peninsular, so they were once delving into herding themselves. It makes it interesting to think that the Sumerian language might be a picture of what related languages the Eastern Neolithic Arabians spoke before Afro-Asiatic dominated.

I’m not sure, reason being is that Aad in the Quran were the successors of Nuh. Here is a Quranic ayah translated to the nearest meaning

Hud replied: "What is strange in that? Allah wants to guide you to the right way of life, so He sent me to warn you. Noah's flood and his story are not far away from you, so do not forget what happened. All the disbelievers were destroyed, no matter how strong they were."

It looks like straight after the flooding. Humans with their livestocks moved to every corner. This is supported by this map that shows the area were Nuh and the ark landed was also the same place were all the animals were domesticated. Mount Judi in the Quran is in Turkey/Iraq/Syria border.

1686507164013.jpeg


The Arabian peninsula was inhabited by Afroasiatic tribes. The high Natufian at the southern tip of the peninsula is a give away. The story of Aad being chronologically staged after Nuh is another give away.

But then again something is telling me that there was considerable gap between Nuh and Aad. Here is another Ayah of the Quran translated to the nearest

˹Imagine˺ how many peoples We have destroyed after Noah! And sufficient is your Lord as All-Aware and All-Seeing of the sins of His servants’


This makes more sense because it would leave enough gap for the languages and cultures to develop into their distinct languages and cultures.
 
It could be that the Sumerians lived along side the Afroasiatic tribes in the Arabian Peninsula.

E1b1a moved in to Africa via Sinai with A and B while E1b1b stayed behind in thd levant mixing with other groups that would give them the ‘Natufian like’ genome. Mtdna M, U6 etc were brought during these times. I believe J1-L36 came to live with E1b1b in this region (Levant) early on as well eventually giving rise to P58, in the Arabian peninsula.
 
I’m not sure, reason being is that Aad in the Quran were the successors of Nuh. Here is a Quranic ayah translated to the nearest meaning

Hud replied: "What is strange in that? Allah wants to guide you to the right way of life, so He sent me to warn you. Noah's flood and his story are not far away from you, so do not forget what happened. All the disbelievers were destroyed, no matter how strong they were."

It looks like straight after the flooding. Humans with their livestocks moved to every corner. This is supported by this map that shows the area were Nuh and the ark landed was also the same place were all the animals were domesticated. Mount Judi in the Quran is in Turkey/Iraq/Syria border.

View attachment 278561

The Arabian peninsula was inhabited by Afroasiatic tribes. The high Natufian at the southern tip of the peninsula is a give away. The story of Aad being chronologically staged after Nuh is another give away.

But then again something is telling me that there was considerable gap between Nuh and Aad. Here is another Ayah of the Quran translated to the nearest

˹Imagine˺ how many peoples We have destroyed after Noah! And sufficient is your Lord as All-Aware and All-Seeing of the sins of His servants’


This makes more sense because it would leave enough gap for the languages and cultures to develop into their respective languages and cultures.
I believe there was a big time gap between the time of prophet Nuh (AS) and the time of 'Ad but this goes away from the focus of the main points on the table.

There were Neolithic herders in Arabia before Semitic even was a thing, plus you had hunter-gatherers in Arabia, definitely not Afro-Asiatic speakers. Those people certainly had their own languages. Afro-Asiatic was a northeast African language family with only Semitic shooting off in the Levant establishing itself sometime before the Bronze Age.

The early Semites were Bronze Age Levantine profiled, not Natufian when they moved to Arabia. The Arabian-Natufian-like hunter-gatherers didn't speak Afro-Asiatic, and neither did the Neolithic Levantines that mixed with the Natufian hunter-gatherers in Arabia that formed the pre-Semitic peoples I am referring to.

Check the age of those Eastern Neolithic Arabs that interacted with the Ubaidans, with the archeologist saying since there are no pre-conditions for anything to explain how those early culture bearers came to southern Iraq -- Eastern Arabia is the best explanation, given the archeology has fleshed out a supra-regional interaction in the Arabian gulf before Mesopotamia grew to an elaborate civilization.
 
I believe there was a big time gap between the time of prophet Nuh (AS) and the time of 'Ad but this goes away from the focus of the main points on the table.

There were Neolithic herders in Arabia before Semitic even was a thing, plus you had hunter-gatherers in Arabia, definitely not Afro-Asiatic speakers. Those people certainly had their own languages. Afro-Asiatic was a northeast African language family with only Semitic shooting off in the Levant establishing itself sometime before the Bronze Age.

The early Semites were Bronze Age Levantine profiled, not Natufian when they moved to Arabia. The Arabian-Natufian-like hunter-gatherers didn't speak Afro-Asiatic, and neither did the Neolithic Levantines that mixed with the Natufian hunter-gatherers in Arabia that formed the pre-Semitic peoples I am referring to.

Check the age of those Eastern Neolithic Arabs that interacted with the Ubaidans, with the archeologist saying since there are no pre-conditions for anything to explain how those early culture bearers came to southern Iraq -- Eastern Arabia is the best explanation, given the archeology has fleshed out a supra-regional interaction in the Arabian gulf before Mesopotamia grew to an elaborate civilization.

The HG of the Arabian peninsula did harbour Natufian like genes. How else did J1 Semites like Mehri score so much Natufian? Those HG must have spoken AA or something akin to it.
 
Check the age of those Eastern Neolithic Arabs that interacted with the Ubaidans, with the archeologist saying since there are no pre-conditions for anything to explain how those early culture bearers came to southern Iraq -- Eastern Arabia is the best explanation, given the archeology has fleshed out a supra-regional interaction in the Arabian gulf before Mesopotamia grew to an elaborate civilization.
Can you send me some stuff to read. Uruk period is key to understanding the Sumerian origins. There are so many theories regarding the Sumerian origin one of them being your eastern Arabian/Persian Gulf expansion.
 
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The HG of the Arabian peninsula did harbour Natufian like genes. How else did J1 Semites like Mehri score so much Natufian? Those HG must have spoken AA or something akin to it.
As we have established that Semitic is a later temporal range development, the rest is quite speculatory. One speculation I find far-fetched is some new hypothetical AA branch in Arabia before Semitic. Similar to Sumerian, plenty of dead non-related branches existed in the past that we did not know of and that is what likely took place. I think Sumerian is an offshoot of the Arabian pre-historic diversity similar to how Semitic is a branch that deeply nests itself in Africa. "Afro-Asiatic" in that sense is misleading, pretending the language family is equidistant in both continents in terms of its formation, when it is a consensus the Uherimat is in northeast Africa, and Semitic is a peripheral frontier movement.
 
Can you send me some stuff to read. Uruk period is key to understanding the Sumerian origins. There are so many theories regarding the Sumerian origin one of them being your eastern Arabian/Persian Gulf expansion.
Have you checked the link above? It's good material. There are plenty of such if you Google it. I read and then just close the tabs, storing each document becomes too elaborate unless it is something I want to revisit or special.
 
As we have established that Semitic is a later temporal range development, the rest is quite speculatory. One speculation I find far-fetched is some new hypothetical AA branch in Arabia before Semitic. Similar to Sumerian, plenty of dead non-related branches existed in the past that we did not know of and that is what likely took place. I think Sumerian is an offshoot of the Arabian pre-historic diversity similar to how Semitic is a branch that deeply nests itself in Africa. "Afro-Asiatic" in that sense is misleading, pretending the language family is equidistant in both continents in terms of its formation, when it is a consensus the Uherimat is in northeast Africa, and Semitic is a peripheral frontier movement.
Yes now we on the same page. There was a “para Afro Asiatic” in the Arabian peninsula. I think E-V16 is a clue. Could this be the group that caused the Cushitic like substratum that militriv mentioned among the modern south Arabian speech? Many languages did die out as did many lineages. Afroasiatic is North East African but Arabia is easily accessible via the Sinai don’t forget.

I always knew communities existed who played a key role in facilitating the trade between Indus valley and Mesopotamia via the Persian gulf but I never knew it happened as early as Pre Sumerian times.
If non AA speakers did live in Arabia I believe they would have constituted a tiny minority. The Mehri eventually carry genes that are similar to Taforalt. Sumerian people would eventually be Taforalt-Natufian like if they were from Arabia.
 
I agree and this is why Adnan tribes are FGC11 which has its highest diversity in Yemen. In other words Ibrahim (as) and his tribe were of ancient Arabian stock that migrated to Mesopotamia from southern Arabia. Many Semitic tribes migrated to Mesopotamia to “semitise” the region like Arameans, Akkadians, Amorites etc. There is a reason why Yemen has some of the oldest and most basal P58 lineages as well as older lineages like p56, ZS4416 etc

The story of Ad also takes place in Hadhramaut in Al ahqaf in what’s now Yemen, Oman borders.
But Arameans, Akkadians, Amorites was already semetic speaking also they’re Semitic
 

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