Umayyad Dynasty was a post Rashidun dynasty. It was established by Mu’awiyah رضي الله عنه when he became the successor of Ali Ibn Abi Talib رضي الله عنه. The dynasty time period was 661–750 CE until it was toppled by the Abbassids.
During the Umayyad dynasty, is when some of the most major expansions happened. The base for this dynasty was Syria, and it's capital was Damascus. The Umayyad dynasty was mainly ruled by the Sufyanid family which was particularly where Mu’awiyah رضي الله عنه came from.
It was the Umayyad dynasty which also enhanced the empire's naval capabilities giving it the ability to fight the Romans, however even then the Roman naval warfare was superior which was proven during the time when the conquest of Constantinople failed.
Within Islamic scholarship, this time however was considered part of the Islamic golden age. Much of Islamic jurisprudences were codified during this time and Islamic sciences flourished within the Islamic scholarship.
The Umayyad dynasty expanded into much of central asia, modern day Pakistan and India and also expanded his rule all the way into Morocco and Spain. After Yazid, the successor Mu’awiyah became caliph (Who was met with some resistance, and whose rule is not considered favorable in Islamic history due to his direct & indirect role in the death of the Prophet's grandson), Abd al Malik became a caliph who further stabilized the dynasty.
The Umayyad dynasty also launched campaigns to conquer Constantinople with no success. During Abd Al Malik's rule, the dynasty launched it's own currency along with stabilizing the entire treasury and finances of the empire. The decline of the rule also began after the Umayyads were defeated by the Byzantines.
Umar II رَحِمَهُ الله brought people and encouraged people back to Islamic orthodoxy and he was a well respected personality. After a quick spread of the empire, the empire was succeeded by Umar Ibn Abd al Aziz. This is when the empire slowed down it's rapid uncontrollable expansion, along with reforming taxation as well as few social reforms. (Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia, 2021).
Eventually, the dynasty was over thrown by the Abbassids. The Abbassids defeated Marwan II and didn't spare any Umayyad member except Abd Al-Rahman, who escaped the Andalus, modern day Spain under Muslim rule and became a caliph (Afsaruddin, 2020) which we will be covered in a different article.
Citations:
Afsaruddin, A. (2020, February 6). Umayyad dynasty. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Umayyad-dynasty-Islamic-history
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, January 28). ʿUmar II. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Umar-II
islamicparadigm.com
During the Umayyad dynasty, is when some of the most major expansions happened. The base for this dynasty was Syria, and it's capital was Damascus. The Umayyad dynasty was mainly ruled by the Sufyanid family which was particularly where Mu’awiyah رضي الله عنه came from.
It was the Umayyad dynasty which also enhanced the empire's naval capabilities giving it the ability to fight the Romans, however even then the Roman naval warfare was superior which was proven during the time when the conquest of Constantinople failed.
Within Islamic scholarship, this time however was considered part of the Islamic golden age. Much of Islamic jurisprudences were codified during this time and Islamic sciences flourished within the Islamic scholarship.
The Umayyad dynasty expanded into much of central asia, modern day Pakistan and India and also expanded his rule all the way into Morocco and Spain. After Yazid, the successor Mu’awiyah became caliph (Who was met with some resistance, and whose rule is not considered favorable in Islamic history due to his direct & indirect role in the death of the Prophet's grandson), Abd al Malik became a caliph who further stabilized the dynasty.
The Umayyad dynasty also launched campaigns to conquer Constantinople with no success. During Abd Al Malik's rule, the dynasty launched it's own currency along with stabilizing the entire treasury and finances of the empire. The decline of the rule also began after the Umayyads were defeated by the Byzantines.
Umar II رَحِمَهُ الله brought people and encouraged people back to Islamic orthodoxy and he was a well respected personality. After a quick spread of the empire, the empire was succeeded by Umar Ibn Abd al Aziz. This is when the empire slowed down it's rapid uncontrollable expansion, along with reforming taxation as well as few social reforms. (Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia, 2021).
Eventually, the dynasty was over thrown by the Abbassids. The Abbassids defeated Marwan II and didn't spare any Umayyad member except Abd Al-Rahman, who escaped the Andalus, modern day Spain under Muslim rule and became a caliph (Afsaruddin, 2020) which we will be covered in a different article.
Citations:
Afsaruddin, A. (2020, February 6). Umayyad dynasty. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Umayyad-dynasty-Islamic-history
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, January 28). ʿUmar II. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Umar-II
Umayyad Empire
Umayyad Dynasty was a post Rashidun dynasty. It was established by Muwawiyah R.H when he became the successor of Ali Ibn Abi Talib R.A. The dynasty time period was 661–750 CE until it was toppled by the Abbassids.
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