Kumyk and Karachai have actually been in the Caucasus for a while now. Kumyks are thought to be descendats of Khazars and Kipchaks. If you remember Kipchaks and Pechenegs were in Eastern Europe and Caucasus long before the Mongols. Karachays are still a mystery as they are rhought to be in Caucasus for at least 2000 years now. As for Nogais their language is actually almost the same as Western Kazakhs. Some Kazakhs may call me the Kazakh version of a “qabilist” but my tribe of Western Kazakhs have more in common with Nogais than they do with Kazakhs from southeastern tribes. We were after all a part of Nogai Horde before being a part of the Kazakh KhanateVery interesting. I only recently learned about the Turkic Kumyk and Nogai of the Caucasus. It makes sense these two languages along with Crimean Tartar would find Turkish easier to understand than a Western Kazakh considering their closer proximity to Anatolia. I assume these Turkic groups found themselves in the Caucasus as a result of the expansion of the Golden Horde, correct?
Which Turkic language currently has the most prestige?
Turkish is probably the most prestigious as it has the most widespread use. However lots of historical documents relating to Turkic language are best understood through Uzbek as those languages had a great deal of Iranian influence which Uzbek retains due to sedentary nature of their people.