You don't seem to understand me. I've never said that non Somalis built these ancient town, but that the nomadic Somalis DIDN'T. I believe that there was a settled, urban and farming Somali population that was defeated by the nomadic Somalis. We have the Tumaal who are looked down upon, yet they are skilled blacksmiths, makers of equipment, mechanics...people valued in all civilized societies on earth. The only reasonable explanation is that they were part of the defeated Somali society and the extremist nomadic Somali clans destroyed their civilization. Historically, nomads desist and look down upon settled people, farmers, and hard workers. That's why they are looked down upon. Maybe they worshiped Waaq whilst the nomads were Muslim? Who knows.