It ain't Black and White bro, the exception being Gurgura who are listed as one of the Somali clans that contributed heavily to Ahmed Gurey's campaign and were never fully assimilated into the Oromo clan structure.
The Jaarso and Akisho are not fully Somali nor are they fully Oromo in my opinion. It depends on their individual sub.....subclan within the Afran Qallo confederation. This subject has already been debated by myself and Afran Qallo in the below thread and eslewhere.
Guji were not originally Oromo, but their neighbors and cousins, their homeland is Girja to the southwest of Mada Walabu. Warra Dayyo were not originally Oromo either, but a related tribe who lived in Liban immediately south of the Mada Walabu. This is kind of a matter of semantics really. By...
www.somalispot.com
The Oromos have a practice of assimilation called Mogasha. When they expanded into the Harar area, some Somalis either joined them voluntarily or were forcibly assimilated, only Allah knows what exactly happened though. What is likely though is that some Somalis abandoned Islam in the process of assimilating into the Gada system as can be corroborated by Afran Qallo. Any AQ individual whose Abtirsi contains distant Muslim/Somali names is not of Oromo origin as the AQ had not fully abandoned their pagan ways until the Egyptian Harar expedition, and Menelik's campaign in Harar which decimated their pagan Gada rituals. The Jaarso that you mention are part of the Daga branch of Afro Qallo and have only recently been associated with a strictly Somali identity. Nonetheless, several of their subclans are of Somali origin, be it Daarood or Dir. You have Warra Absame, Warra Balcad, Warra Cusman and Warra Cumar etc. The first two are of Daarood origin, the latter two are of Dir origin. At some point in History, the ancestors of these clans joined the AQ confederacy. The Akisho also have sub sub subclans that have clearly Somali names. Somalis were not the only ones to be assimilated, other AQ sub sub subclans are of Harla, Agrobba or possibly even Afar origin. The demography of the entire region was upended by the Oromo expansion into the region. One of the AQ Noole subclans closest to Harar are the Mana Abu. They are mainly of Somali Dir origin as can be corroborated again by Afran Qallo. Only one subclan within the Mana Abu is of Daarood origin.`
To illustrate how fluid the Somali, Oromo identity is within the AQ confederacy, look at the breakdown of the Babile section of the Afran Qallo. A large percentage of them are of Hawiye origin, be it Gugundhabe or Karanle Hawiye. This is an open secret. Moreover, the Warra Huume now contain the entire Barsug/Barsub clan. This is a clearly Somali clan that took part in the Futuh Al Habash wars and was listed as Somali Dir in Richard Burton's 19th century book. Today, they are known as Warra Bursuk. If you ever have the opportunity to travel to K5 in the coming years, travel through East Hararghe and visit Fayanbiro, Harar, Babile etc. and do some field research. You will be surprised at how many of those folk have Somali ancestry.
Wherever the original Oromos expanded, they formed a minority elite that gradually assimilated the conquered people they came across hence their great numbers in Ethiopia and the diversity of their features. Entire Kingdoms, many Muslim, were destroyed and assimilated by the expanding Oromos. The Hadiya who now constitute a large section of Arsi are a prime example of this. Gunther Schlee's research into the Oromos is an eye opener regarding the successful assimilationist practices of the Oromo. Read his book, Being and Becoming Oromo, if you get the chance. This is an extract from a rebuttal he made to an academic who was peddling the Oromo Nationalist lies about the identity of the Gabra.
Oromo Nationalists have been churning out 'academic' propaganda to beautify their conquests and even lay claim to the coast of Northern Somali by using the traditional presence of the Akisho in Jijiga before they were scattered by Wiil Waal's Absame army. Mohammed Hassan's work is a prime example of this, and I am aware that it was indirectly quoted in the Somali E-V32 Anthrogenica thread. Will turn my attention to that thread in due time but I cannot be asked a lot of the time to challenge every Scheit that is posted on forums. Prior to the 16th century, Oromos did not have a presence anywhere in Hararghe but individuals like Mohammed Hassan are trying to rewrite History to suit an Oromo Nationalist narrative. We Somali are not Saints either as exemplified by how the Orma and Borana were displaced by their former Somali Sheegaads, the Waamo Ogaden; Garre etc. Nonetheless, we are more 'prejudiced' than the Oromo regarding the wholesale adoption of non-Somali ethnic groups.
Coming back to the question you asked, in my opinion, any Dir person that claims that Jaarso, for instance, are fully Dir is not being honest. Some of them are certainly of Dir origin as attested to by their sub subclan Abtirsi etc. but not all of them. The confusion arises, in my opinion, due to the fact that most Somalis who became assimilated into the Daga confederation are probably of Dir origin hence the easy switching of identities between Dir and Oromo among the Jaarso, for instance.
