Somali hierarchy and land system

[Zak12]

What was the system that dominated and dictated land administration in Somali societies historically? Feudalism? Iqta? And what was the hierarchy that existed? I know sultans/boqors/ugaas were at the top but I don't know how the rest of the hierarchy went.

For all I know it may differ from society to society so a sultanate would have a completely different system to an ugaasate.

 

[Rayaale]

@Idilinaa @Midas soo galaa

 

[Idilinaa]

Land ownership was either communal(collectively owned by lineage-families), individual or it was under Iqta in the sultanates were they granted land and territory to officials to help with administration and tax collection.

In a lot of times the appointments of Na'ibs , Qaddis or Emirs etc referred to appointment as governor of an administrative province, district or a town without having ownership of the lands in question.

In Futuh you can see there was also lands granted to a military commander either to profit from directly.

It would be an interesting to study and look into more.

 

[Midas]

Idilnlaa is the go to for this kind of stuff. I have barley any knowledge of this.

 

[adventurequestworlds1.0.2]

Idilnlaa is the go to for this kind of stuff. I have barley any knowledge of this.

What is Idilnlaa

 

[DALMAR0_0]

What was the system that dominated and dictated land administration in Somali societies historically? Feudalism? Iqta? And what was the hierarchy that existed? I know sultans/boqors/ugaas were at the top but I don't know how the rest of the hierarchy went.

For all I know it may differ from society to society so a sultanate would have a completely different system to an ugaasate.

Boqor/ugaas (kings)
Wadaad (priests)
waranle (warriors)
Geeljire (nomads)
Tumaal (craftsman)
madiidin (servants)

I think this how the old somali society hierarchy system was structured

 

[Northern Swordsman]

Beeralay, Ganacsato (Badmaax might fall under this)

after Boqor/Wadaad I would say Odayal / Duqa comes and then Waranle

 

[Aseer]

Land ownership was either communal(collectively owned by lineage-families), individual or it was under Iqta in the sultanates were they granted land and territory to officials to help with administration and tax collection.

In a lot of times the appointments of Na'ibs , Qaddis or Emirs etc referred to appointment as governor of an administrative province, district or a town without having ownership of the lands in question.

In Futuh you can see there was also lands granted to a military commander either to profit from directly.

It would be an interesting to study and look into more.

I dont want to derail the thread a bit but there was a research on baboon isotopes connecting punt to eritrea this article also claims through this that its eritrean

Genetic analysis of baboons provides evidence that ancient Punt and Adulis were the same place

In Ancient Egypt, the hamadryas baboon was one of the animals that represented h, the god of the Moon, wisdom, knowledge, writing, hieroglyphs, science, magic, art and judgment. - HeritageDaily - Archaeology News

www.heritagedaily.com

Is it debunkable? The only thing that counters it is the frankincense species that were dug up and were found to be native to somalia.

 

[Zak12]

I dont want to derail the thread a bit but there was a research on baboon isotopes connecting punt to eritrea this article also claims through this that its eritrean

Genetic analysis of baboons provides evidence that ancient Punt and Adulis were the same place

In Ancient Egypt, the hamadryas baboon was one of the animals that represented h, the god of the Moon, wisdom, knowledge, writing, hieroglyphs, science, magic, art and judgment. - HeritageDaily - Archaeology News

www.heritagedaily.com

Is it debunkable? The only thing that counters it is the frankincense species that were dug up and were found to be native to somalia.

Already covered by @Idilinaa the baboon study isn't conclusive and it covers a large range including Somalia

Last few minutes in the video , he makes it very clear that it's mostly speculative.

The baboon specimen is far from a slam dunk, because P.Hamadryas is what they found and as you can see it encompasses a much wider area than Sudan & Eritrea.

Actually when the scientist tested the Baboon specimens they matched it to Eritrea and Somalia: Where the baboon species stretches into and this was back in 2021 and they said at the time that Eritrea & Somalia was the two leading contenders.

Even the current study method has problems .


Also the study says the same thing, that it is mostly speculative and conjecture.



I also find it the biggest reach to focus heavily on Baboon samples or other stuff or weird metaphors , when the most accurate information you have of punt is Hashepsuts expedition that not only does it describe Punt but also shows them taking the trees directly from it and low and behold the it's the same exact ones you find in the NorthernEastern Somalia.

But yeah i think ultimately with settle it, will be archeology.