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The Quran verse:
Quran 33: 4:
"Allah has not made for a man two hearts in his interior. And He has not made your wives whom you declare unlawful your mothers.
An
d he has not made your adopted sons your [true] sons.
That is [merely] your saying by your mouths, but Allah says the truth, and He guides to the
way"
Quran 33: 37
"And [remember, O Muhammad], when you said to the one on whom Allah bestowed favor and you bestowed favor, "Keep your wife and fear Allah," while you concealed within yourself that which Allah is to disclose. And you feared the people, while Allah has more right that you fear Him. So when Zayd had no longer any need for her, We married her to you in order that there not be upon the believers any discomfort concerning the wives of their adopted sons when they no longer have need of them. And ever is the command of Allah accomplished.
Quran 33: 40
"Muhammad is not the father of [any] one of your men, but [he is] the Messenger of Allah and last of the prophets. And ever is Allah, of all things, Knowing."
Why would Allah make a very specific exception while in turn forbidding the equal treatment of the adoptive child?
The real world
The consequences of this approach is that the adoptive child:
1) Does not carry the adoptive father's name and will forever be foreign
2) Does not become mahram unless they are under two and breast fed
3) Does have any inheritance
"Because Islam sets stringent rules governing relationships between males and females, foster parents may not keep an orphan in their home beyond puberty. “
Religious rules are such that the mother of an adopted boy or the father of an adopted girl must ask the child to leave the house when they reach puberty"
Sheikh Gamal Qutb, former head of Al-Azhar University’s fatwa committee.”"
To be kicked out after puberty, how much more cruel could it get?
Source
https://www.egyptindependent.com/orphanage-day-puts-adoption-spotlight/