GENETICS 3,100 yr old remains from Tanzania resemble modern Cushites/Horners
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Apollo
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Eurocentric fool,
The TMRCA split between Khoisan A and Sudanese/Ethiopian A is over 50,000 years ago. They are NOT closely related. Calling it ''Khoisan'' would be like calling modern European lineages ''Papuan''. Last response on this dumb haplogroup A topic.
Stop with the whiteman splaining and understand the basics of the topic you discuss.
Thought so. You're dividing something that is continuous. It's not just "A" that is found in both Ethiopians and the Khoisan, but the subclades of "A". Refer back to the A-M-subclade chart above.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_A_(Y-DNA)
"By the definition of haplogroup A as "non-BT", it is largely restricted to Africa, though a handful of bearers have been reported in Europe and Western Asia.
The clade achieves its highest modern frequencies in the Bushmen hunter-gatherer populations of Southern Africa, followed closely by many Nilotic groups in Eastern Africa. However, haplogroup A's oldest sub-clades are exclusively found in Central-Northwest Africa, where it (and by extension the patrilinear ancestor of modern humans) is believed to have originated. Estimates of its time depth have varied greatly, at either close to 190 kya or close to 140 kya in separate 2013 studies,[5][8] and with the inclusion of the previously unknown "A00" haplogroup to about 270 kya in 2015 studies.[9][10]
The clade has also been observed at notable frequencies in certain populations in Ethiopia, as well as some Pygmy groups in Central Africa, and less commonly Niger–Congo speakers, who largely belong to the E1b1a clade. Haplogroup E in general is believed to have originated in Northeast Africa,[11] and was later introduced to West Africa from where it spread around 5,000 years ago to Central, Southern and Southeastern Africa with the Bantu expansion.[12][13] According to Wood et al. (2005) and Rosa et al. (2007), such relatively recent population movements from West Africa changed the pre-existing population Y chromosomal diversity in Central, Southern and Southeastern Africa, replacing the previous haplogroups in these areas with the now dominant E1b1a lineages. Traces of ancestral inhabitants, however, can be observed today in these regions via the presence of the Y DNA haplogroups A-M91 and B-M60 that are common in certain relict populations, such as the Mbuti Pygmies and the Khoisan.[14][15][16]"
Note the Percentages!!
"Haplogroup A frequencies
Africa
Study population Freq.
(in %)
[15] Tsumkwe San (Namibia) 66%
[15] Nama (Namibia) 64
[17] Dinka (Sudan) 62
[17] Shilluk (Sudan) 53
[17] Nuba (Sudan) 46
[18] Khoisan 44
[19][20] Ethiopian Jews 41
[15][19] !Kung/Sekele ~40
[17] Borgu (Sudan) 35
[17] Nuer (Sudan) 33
[17] Fur (Sudan) 31
[15] Maasai (Kenya) 27
[21] Nara (Eritrea) 20
[17] Masalit (Sudan) 19
[15][22] Amhara (Ethiopia) ~16
[18] Ethiopians 14
[23] Bantu (Kenya) 14
[15] Mandara (Cameroon) 14
[17] Hausa (Sudan) 13
[19] Khwe (South Africa) 12
[19] Fulbe (Cameroon) 12
[15] Dama (Namibia) 11
[22] Oromo (Ethiopia) 10
[21] Kunama (Eritrea) 10
[15] South Semitic (Ethiopia) 10
[23] Arabs (Egypt) 3
In a composite sample of 3551 African men, Haplogroup A had a frequency of 5.4%.[24] The highest frequencies of haplogroup A have been reported among the Khoisan of Southern Africa, Beta Israel, and Nilo-Saharans from Sudan."
Source: http://www.iqrasense.com/death-and-after-life/the-story-of-yajuj-and-majuj-gog-and-magog.html
They're Turkic like Uzbek's for example.
Wrong. Click on the link above (or here) and observe the TMRCAs, The Sudanese/Ethiopians/Nile region A do not share the same sub-clade with the Khoisan.
Stop discussing genetics and spouting your bullshit theories when you can't even understand how haplogroups work.
Within extant African populations, both linguistic (Greenberg 1963) and genetic (Hiernaux 1975; Excoffier et al. 1987; Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994, pp. 169–171) evidence indicates that most sub-Saharan populations are more closely related to each other, whereas Pygmy, Khoisan, and eastern African populations are the most differentiated. Paradoxically, genetic comparisons of Khoisan and Ethiopian populations show both polarity and affinity with respect to one another. This has been shown by the principal-components (PC) analysis of 79 classical protein polymorphisms (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1993, 1994, p. 191). Although the second PC indicates that the Ethiopian and Khoisan populations are the most divergent, the third PC shows a close relationship. Although intermediary Bantu-speaking populations currently separate these two groups geographically, archeological findings suggest that the Khoisan territory once extended above the equator, to present-day southern Ethiopia and Sudan (Nurse et al. 1985, p. 105).
In a previous study (Passarino et al. 1998), the genetic structure of the Ethiopian population was investigated using mtDNA and some nonrecombinant Y-chromosome (NRY) markers previously studied in the Khoisan (Soodyall and Jenkins 1992; Spurdle and Jenkins 1992). These markers, because of their uniparental inheritance and lack of recombination, are particularly useful for inferring the history of populations through female and male lineages separately. Although the mtDNA did not reveal a particular relationship between Ethiopians and the Khoisan, affinities were suggested by Y-chromosome analyses. The YAP−/49a,f haplotype 26 (A2C0D0F0I1) combination appeared to be typical of these two groups (with a frequency of ∼7% in the Ethiopians and 10%–15% in the Khoisan; for the Khoisan frequency, see the discussion by Passarino et al. [1998]). With the exception of some Jewish subjects, particularly Ethiopian Jews (Ritte et al. 1993; Santachiara-Benerecetti et al. 1993), the 49a,f haplotype 26 is absent or extremely rare in all surveyed populations (found only by Torroni et al. [1990] and Persichetti et al. [1992]). However, because of the variability of the complex 49a,f system, a polyphyletic origin for haplotype 26 could not be excluded. A later combined study of seven biallelic markers and four microsatellites showed that the Ethiopians and Khoisan shared the “archaic” haplotype 1A (Hammer et al. 1998), defined by the marker SRY10831 A→G (Whitfield et al. 1995), but that they did not share the microsatellite variants (Scozzari et al. 1999). Most recently, a great number of Y-chromosome biallelic markers have become available (Underhill et al. 1997, 2000, 2001; Hammer et al. 2001). These markers, because of their very low mutability, have most likely arisen only once during human evolution, thus allowing a clear-cut definition of the worldwide Y-chromosome genealogy (Underhill et al. 2001).
Wrong. Click on the link above (or here) and observe the TMRCAs, The Sudanese/Ethiopians/Nile region A do not share the same sub-clade with the Khoisan.
Stop discussing genetics and spouting your bullshit theories when you can't even understand how haplogroups work.
YAP /49a,f haplotype 26(S18) is common to both Ethiopians and the Khoisan:
http://www.academia.edu/26285618/Di...ified_by_mtDNA_and_Y-chromosome_polymorphisms
"The association between YAP /49a,f haplotype 26(S18) is interesting in several respects. First, four of the five Ethiopians in this survey who had the 49a,f hap-lotype 26 were also YAP. Although 49a,f haplotype-26 Y chromosomes were observed to be common in the Ethiopian Jews (Ritte et al. 1993
a), the YAP element was not examined in this group. Second, with the exception of Ethiopians and Khoisan, this haplotype is very rare in nearly all surveyed populations. Finally, the Tsumkwe San, which show a high frequency of haplotype 26 ,were also analyzed for the YAP element (Spurdleet al. 1994), but the association YAP/haplotype 26 was not reported. However, the frequencies of the two markers (30% haplotype 26 and 11% YAP) make it possible to deduce that at least two-thirds of the 49a,f haplotype26 of this group should be YAP.
. We speculate that the YAP /49a,f haplotype 26 combination represents an African characteristic preceding the Bantu expansion and indicates reciprocal affinity between Ethiopians and Khoisan. If one excludes this possible specific element of affinity, these two groups seem to share only a generic dissimilarity with Niger-Congo populations,with regard to Y-chromosome haplotypes.
Again::
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC384897/
Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny
"Paradoxically, genetic comparisons of Khoisan and Ethiopian populations show both polarity and affinity with respect to one another. This has been shown by the principal-components (PC) analysis of 79 classical protein polymorphisms (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1993, 1994, p. 191). Although the second PC indicates that the Ethiopian and Khoisan populations are the most divergent, the third PC shows a close relationship. Although intermediary Bantu-speaking populations currently separate these two groups geographically, archeological findings suggest that the Khoisan territory once extended above the equator, to present-day southern Ethiopia and Sudan (Nurse et al. 1985, p. 105)."
. "A later combined study of seven biallelic markers and four microsatellites showed that the Ethiopians and Khoisan shared the “archaic” haplotype 1A (Hammer et al. 1998), defined by the marker SRY10831 A→G (Whitfield et al. 1995), but that they did not share the microsatellite variants (Scozzari et al. 1999). Most recently, a great number of Y-chromosome biallelic markers have become available (Underhill et al. 1997, 2000, 2001; Hammer et al. 2001). These markers, because of their very low mutability, have most likely arisen only once during human evolution, thus allowing a clear-cut definition of the worldwide Y-chromosome genealogy (Underhill et al. 2001)."
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Merchant of Mogadishu
From Pella to Pattala, then back to Babylon
Apollo
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The West Asian this Tanzanian fossil carries and the ones Somalis have is slightly different according to their calculations and those of others.
Also, this Tanzanian Cushite fossil is more Omotic-linked (Mota) on the SSA side and less to Sudanese Nilotes. Kinda weird.
They weren't exactly like Somalis. Also, they (South Cushites) have a hunter-gatherer element as well.
My question was in regards to Somalis only. Magicians lived 8-10k years ago. The Chalcolithic was 5-6k years ago. How can we have ancestry that has a such huge gap in time and space (Lebanon and Iran are thousands of miles apart)?
XoosBoos
Hiraab Commander
I think its the other way around as many Kunama has Ge’ez names and are like Tigreyfied. I’ve encountered someone names like Negusse etc. But who knows?
Apollo
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Stupid autocorrect. I meant to write 'Natufians' not Magicians.
Cushites were like pastoralist ''Bantus'' (if you get what I mean), less successful population-wise, but similar recent expansion.
Bantu origin = South East Nigeria/South West Cameroon
Cushite origin = between Blue Nile-Upper Egypt-Red Sea
What about the Cave paintings and drawings in Somaliland? What population left them?
Worse. They're one of the biggest tests humanity will ever have to face and they will be almost unstoppable.
Asians like the Mongols used to be so savage back in the day. Its because they're nomads, I suppose.
Apollo
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I don't think they will be genetically like modern Somalis.
All skulls dating to before 5,000 BC in Somalia need to be carefully preserved so future tests can be done on them.
Wrong. Click on the link above (or here) and observe the TMRCAs, The Sudanese/Ethiopians/Nile region A do not share the same sub-clade with the Khoisan.
Stop discussing genetics and spouting your bullshit theories when you can't even understand how haplogroups work.
Glad to see you back. You have come further in your analysis than I think anyone else on this forum has. Why not go the extra mile and see what the academics have found? The whole point of both articles I quoted was that the Khoisan once inhabited much of Ethiopia and that the Khoisan and Ethiopians do share markers to prove it.
SRY10831 A→G and YAP /49a,f haplotype 26(S18).
Not familiar with YAP?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_DE
"Haplogroup DE is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations, or UEPs, M1(YAP), M145(P205), M203, P144, P153, P165, P167, P183.[3]
DE is unique because it is distributed in several geographically distinct clusters. Immediate subclade, haplogroup D, is normally found only in eastern Asia, and the other immediate subclade, haplogroup E, is common in Africa, Europe and the Middle East.
The most well-known unique event polymorphism (UEP) that defines DE is the Y-chromosome Alu Polymorphism (YAP) YAP. The mutation was caused when a strand of DNA, known as Alu, inserted a copy of itself into the Y chromosome. Hence, all Y chromosomes belonging to DE, D, E and their subclades are YAP-positive (YAP+). All Y chromosomes that belong to other haplogroups and subclades are YAP-negative (YAP-).
Haplogroup DE is an estimated 65,000 years old.[1]"
See table 7 in this study:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1376879/pdf/9463310.pdf
Yap+ is figured in Ethiopians at 50%, in the Nama at 46% and the Tsumkwe San at 11%.
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