Understanding Somali Genetics

[Ashraf]

55% ancient East African, and 45% Middle eastern North African. The first migrants of Cushites into East Africa from Egypt/Sudan in the Neolithic were more like 60% Middle eastern North African and 40% proto Nilotic or ancient East African. We then received a further 10 to 15% East African (Mota like without Eurasian input) during our tenure in the Savanna of East Africa.

Our middle eastern is Natufian ( which is dzudzuana (from Georgia) 70%+ Iberomaurasian 30% (North African).
The Iberomaurasian is (dzudzuana 55% + ancestral north African 45%). Ancestral north African is African and not Eurasian.

We are in the end 60% African (0% Bantu/Niger Congo, but 60% ancient proto Nilotic and East Africa Mota like, with some ancestral North Africa ) with about 40% Eurasian (mainly Dzudzuana)

Am I correct @Shimbiris or am I missing something.

Another question are other horners the same as us. Except for south Arabian DNA, do they have the same origin story as us and is there admixture the same excluding south Arabian . E.g tigray. Also why are Eritreans taller than Ethiopians? ( random question)

 

[The alchemist]

Just to be clear, 99% of the "diversity" our Garaad has been going on about is the variation in Yemeni and other more "recent" ancestral components in G25 which is fake:

That's how homogenous Somalis look when you look at the actual MENA (Natufian, Jawf Yemeni, IBM) and SSA (Mota, Dinka) scores. Once you ignore the Kenyans who have a handful of Borana admixed outliers among them, that's seriously a variation of ~2% from the northwest to the northeast to the south and Kenya. So diverse, wallahi. Now, look at these Puntlanders:

Yet when you break down the components for a group like the Puntlanders above you suddenly get the "diversity" our Garaad is talking about 99% of the time:

This is obviously not actual diversity like what genuinely exists among Oromos where even admixture levels vary significantly:

Keep in mind that those Puntlanders are the same Somalis used in most of the studies out there and the same Somalis who have such homogenous and bottlenecked ancestry that they form the Ethio-Somali component at the higher Ks in ADMIXTURE:

There's absolutely nothing "diverse" about their structure. It's just G25 being wonky in the ways I've explained in other threads. It's completely impossible for them to have such tightly clustering overall MENA to SSA scores, form an ADMIXTURE component and be diverse in the more recent components like Jawf-Yemeni like that. Not how recombination and genetics in general works. The recent components in G25 and nMonte are just being skewed by various mechanisms like drift and can even be normalized by structuring your models in other ways as @The alchemist has shown.

And this is generally 99% it in terms of our Garaad's argument. Pretending this fake diversity makes us basically like Oromos or something. Well, that and the 1% where he is using people who occasionally pop up on forums like these because they have stories of admixture in their family (outliers) and acts like they're somehow common cases when they're not. This is a silly subject driven by qabiilism and I'm gonna leave it at that.

The mechanism I showed really put this to bed. It's G25 being undisciplined. When you control for it using other methods, it shows that the Arab does not reach 12%. Anyone that got that much is legit mixed and does not reflect any regional average. We know this by now.

 

[Shimbiris]

Another question are other horners the same as us. Except for south Arabian DNA, do they have the same origin story as us and is there admixture the same excluding south Arabian . E.g tigray. Also why are Eritreans taller than Ethiopians? ( random question)

All Horners are made up of the same basic components. Something on a continuum between Anatolian Hunter-Gatherers and ANAs that G25 makes look "Natufian" but more likely is represented by prehistoric Egyptians; prehistoric Sudanese ancestry similar to most of what's in the Dinkas; then some Ethio-HG (Mota) type admixture and some South Arabian admixture from the Proto-Ethiosemites. All Cushitic and Ethiosemitic Horners appear to have these ancestries. It's just the amounts that vary and not usually by more than 10-15% from ethnic group to ethnic group.

We really are essentially our own biogeographic group with our closest relatives being the peoples of North Sudan and somewhat Chad as well who share in the Prehistoric Egyptian and Sudanese as well as post-Bronze Age Arabian but differ from us in lacking the Ethio-HG, having some West African and also more historical period Egyptian whilst possessing a distinct Y-DNA and mtDNA profile from our region due to more recent waves of admixture.

 

[Garaad Awal]

Tigrinyas are a good group cos they form a tight cluster like Somalis and appear to be a relatively homogenous and "real" ethnicity unlike the meta-ethnicities that are Amharas and Oromos where even the admixture levels noticeably vary:

The model you utilize is simply inferior, my model makes far more sense and the average of 25% Arabian checks out vs your average of Arabian ~30%. Again when using averages and replacing the umayad arabians with EBA Jordanians, the Tigrayans remain in the ~25% range. Yet clearly Somalis from SL & Somalia have differing Semitic admixture.

Let's take a look at Neolithic Iranian admixture which usually comes along with Semitic admixture in Horners:

Again these results replicate the Horner vs Semitic model. Tigrayans witht the most Semitic admixture & Somalians with the lowest Semitic admixture. Also Landers tend to have more Ethio HG ancestry compared to Somalians which makes sense geographically & historically as Landers are closer to the population centers of the Ethio Highlands:

 

[Midas]

Hmmmm. So are we 55 -45 or 60-40? Plus can you explain haplogroup T. Wouldn’t that make northern Somali admixture different? And isn’t ancestral North african Berber? The way I understood it previously was the we were 60% SSA. Proto Nilotic + ancestral East African(extinct) + a tiny amount of omotic. And our Eurasian component was about 40%- Natufian 25% plus North African 15%.

My understanding is that our eurasian ancestry comes from a group ancestral to the naftufians.

Basically the Taforalt north african and the naftufian share a eurasian ancestor. That same ancestor is the source of the maternal eurasian ancestry in somalis. But it's a third branch separate from the north african one or the naftufian one.