Sudan autosomal study

[Menelik III]

Oromo descends from Meroe. This is recent work by an Ethiopian scholar at the University of Haramaya.

https://www.academia.edu/5847718/Me...he_mystery_of_Meroitic_language?auto=download


"MEROE, OROMO AND OLD NUBIAN: SOLVING THE MYSTERY OF MEROITIC LANGUAGE
Dereje Tadesse Birbirso (PhD) College of Social Science and Humanities Haramaya University, Ethiopia dttadesse@yahoo.com
Abstract

"Meroitic language is one of the most controversial ancient languages but one of the few having advanced writing systems. Some classify it Asian, European, non-African, Semitic, or ‘unclassified’. This paper contends Meroe, similar to their Cushitic friends, are left victims of preconceived ideas based on an entirely argument from silence, an hegemonic epistemology that elevates a single perspective and silences other(s). This paper, thus, comparatively analyzes Meroitic and Old Nubian lexical and grammatical items with corresponding Oromo, a Cushitic family which, many classical and contemporary philologists/linguists argue derives from a unique vocabulary possibly the Ancient language of the Nile Valley and/or Horn of Africa. Meroitic and Old Nubian lexical, grammatical and epigraphic data were collected from secondary sources by Meroitic researchers. Oromo corpora are obtained both from classical and modern descriptions and native-speakers. Results indicate Oromo lexemes show significant level of cognates with not only Meroitic and Old Nubian, but also with the Ancient Egyptian to their northern part."

Doesn't matter what Oromo source you use, it's purely propaganda. In one sentence he claimed ancient Egypt (without even listing said language), Nubian and so on. He's trying to make up for his lack of ancient history. Typical low self esteem thought.

The people on the border of Ethiopia and Sudan are not cushtic people and have never been. It's attested by the kings of Aksum that they are non Cushitic. It's attested by the people of Gojjam/Gondar who border them...and so on. See the thing with Ethiopian history is that it has been written since an early time, meaning no amount of diluting can ever change it.

Now I have to ask you to stick to Somalian history, which you are versed in.

 

[Grant]

Doesn't matter what Oromo source you use, it's purely propaganda. In one sentence he claimed ancient Egypt (without even listing said language), Nubian and so on. He's trying to make up for his lack of ancient history. Typical low self esteem thought.

The people on the border of Ethiopia and Sudan are not cushtic people and have never been. It's attested by the kings of Aksum that they are non Cushitic. It's attested by the people of Gojjam/Gondar who border them...and so on. See the thing with Ethiopian history is that it has been written since an early time, meaning no amount of diluting can ever change it.

Now I have to ask you to stick to Somalian history, which you are versed in.

I'd be pleased to see a copy of your Phd. Until then, back off. Even Oromos can study and write. Who else would know their history better? Certainly not a theoretical Semite trying to discredit them.

 

[XamarCade]

I'd be pleased to see a copy of your Phd. Until then, back off. Even Oromos can study and write. Who else would know their history better? Certainly not a theoretical Semite trying to discredit them.

@Menelik III got ownd by @Grant

 

[TheSayid]

"we wuz original semitz" - @Menelik III

 

[Malaki]

Ancient Egyptians had more Middle Eastern ancestry than modern Egyptians. These Afrocentrists are grasping at straws.

That recent sample was all from the Cairo region and the samples used, according to the time frame posted, were mummies from the second intermiediate period (civil war) when the Hyksos (Asiatic tribes) invaded the Nile Delta, lower Egypt and established their own dynasty.

The researchers themselves stated it is NOT representative of the Ancient Egyptians.

A bigger sample size, preferable one from Upper Egypt would need to be used in order to determine the 'Ancient Egyptians.'

 

[DeathWish]

waryaa answer the question, if they wern't bantus, why get rid of their noses? What's the story there?
more suugo science from u.

Walaal, why are you asking this man something he has no knowledge about? I know you consider me a biased person, but do you consider the following institutes as Afrocentric liars? Walaa. if you truly want information then just read through the sources that I'll provide and not @Amun fake history. Tell me if I changed your opinion or not!

@Amun @World @sophisticate @Bahal @Sharmake shark @Prince Abubu @Menelik III
I dare you all to refute my argument! I doubt any of you have the balls!



University of Chicago

Qustul in Nubia could well have been the seat of Egypt's founding dynasty.

https://oi.uchicago.edu/museum-exhibits/special-exhibits/nubia-salvage-project-1

In the earliest stages, the Neolithic of Sudanese tradition strongly influenced the Tasian culture of Upper Egypt as illustrated by the famous caliciform beakers of the Sudanese Neolithic that appear also in the deserts, Lower Nubia, and at Deir Tasa (Brunton 1937, pl. 12.52–67; Friedman and Hobbs 2002, fig. 4; Darnell 2002, p. 162; Reinold 2000, p. 61). This participation in Dynastic culture by Nubia should come as no surprise, since Nubia and Egypt were not only deeply intertwined, they also both belonged to the “great east African substratum” (Frankfort 1948, p. 6). Since Nubia and Egypt were not only deeply intertwined, they also both belonged to the “great east African substratum” (Frankfort 1948, p. 6).

https://www.academia.edu/6346715/Th...Civilization_Chicago_Oriental_Institute_2011_



University of Oxford

Other ancient Egyptian practices show strong similarities to modern African cultures including divine kingship, the use of headrests, body art, circumcision, and male coming-of-age rituals, all suggesting an African substratum or foundation for Egyptian civilization.."
Source: Donald Redford (2001) The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Egypt,Volume 3. Oxford University Press. p. 28

The African origins of Egyptian civilisation lie in an important cultural horizon, the ‘primary pastoral community’, which emerged in both the Egyptian and Sudanese parts of the Nile Valley in the fifth millennium BC. It has been clear for some decades that the later prehistory of Egypt cannot be adequately understood in isolation from a wider African context (see O’Connor & Reid 2003, with reviews of earlier literature). The aim of the present article is to define an important horizon of cultural change, belonging to the fifth millennium BC, linking Egypt’s early development firmly to that of its southern neighbours in Nubia and central Sudan

http://www.academia.edu/31488087/Cu...istoric_perspective_on_Egypts_place_in_Africa


University of Cambridge

Were the Ancient Egyptians Africans? What colour was their skin?

Yes. Egypt is in Africa and there are many cultural links to other African civilisations.

If we look at the skin colour and also facial features on representations of Egyptians, many are what we would consider today to be Black African. Skin colours on temple and wall reliefs show ranges between dark brown and black, which is typical of what we see today with regard to people of Black African descent or origin. Furthermore, Nubians, a group who are accepted universally as Black Africans are, like their neighbours from Kemet, shown on reliefs with both jet black and red-brown skin and can be distinguished as Nubians by their short wigs.

http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/dept/ant/egypt/kemet/virtualkemet/faq/


British Museum (one of the top museums in the world)

In the Predynastic period, the Egyptian and Nubian identities still shared many common traits derived from a common ancestry. The Naqada (Egyptian) culture developed from the Badarian(Egyptian) culture which, as the Tasian, was related to the Nubian Neolithic tradition (Gatto 2002; 2006c). Thus, the definition of what was Egyptian or Nubian at that time in the First Cataract region (and the southern part of Upper Egypt) is not so obvious
https://www.academia.edu/327904/Egy..._from_the_First_Cataract_and_its_surroundings

Smithsonian Museum (the top museum in the world)

Previous analyses of cranial variation found the Badari and Early Predynastic Egyptians to be more similar to other African groups than to Mediterranean or European populations (Keita, 1990; Zakrzewski, 2002). This suggests that, at least through the Early Dynastic period, the inhabitants of the Nile valley were a continuous population of local origin, and no major migration or replacement events occurred during this time.

Studies of cranial morphology also support the use of a Nubian (Kerma) population for a comparison of the Dynastic period, as this group is likely to be more closely genetically related to the early Nile valley inhabitants than would be the Late Dynastic Egyptians, who likely experienced significant mixing with other Mediterranean populations (Zakrzewski, 2002). A craniometric study found the Naqada (Egyptian) and Kerma populations to be morphologically similar (Keita, 1990).
https://www.academia.edu/470411/Den...sts_Difficult_transition_and_gradual_recovery

Manchester Museum/ University

To sum up, Nubia is Egypt’s African ancestor. What linked Ancient Egypt to the rest of the North African cultures is this strong tie with the Nubian pastoral nomadic lifestyle, the same pastoral background commonly shared by most of the ancient Saharan and modern sub-Saharan societies. Thus, not only did Nubia have a prominent role in the origin of Ancient Egypt, it was also a key area for the origin of the entire African pastoral tradition.

http://www.academia.edu/545582/The_..._Africa_A_View_from_the_Archaeological_Record

 

[Thegoodshepherd]

@DeathWish citing studies from 1948. Ancient Egyptians had even less African ancestry than Egyptians alive today. Modern Egyptians are basically the same as the ancient Egyptians with the only difference being that the former posses more Sub Saharan ancestry due to the slave trade.

Literally no one takes anythig published before the advent of genetic sequencing seriously on the genetic composition of the Egyptians. Egypt has more in common with Mesopotamia and Greece than with Subsaharan Africa, that much is clear.

 

[Lord Flacko]

Seeing @Grant and @Menelik III fight

 

[Lord Flacko]

All Ethiopians have Khoisan and Omotic admixture, but not Somalis. It completely discredits the Southern Ethiopian migration theory to Somalia.

 

[DeathWish]

@DeathWish citing studies from 1948. Ancient Egyptians had even less African ancestry than Egyptians alive today. Modern Egyptians are basically the same as the ancient Egyptians with the only difference being that the former posses more Sub Saharan ancestry due to the slave trade.

Literally no one takes anythig published before the advent of genetic sequencing seriously on the genetic composition of the Egyptians. Egypt has more in common with Mesopotamia and Greece than with Subsaharan Africa, that much is clear.

You're laughing at me while the things you stated sounds retarded. According to you, the Oxford, Chicago, Cambridge and many more universities came to the wrong conclusion. All top institutions will say without a doubt that Egypt originated from the South and not Mesopotamia. Only one of the studies that I've cited was made before 1990. If you believe the new DNA study, you just proved how dumb and gullible you really are. If you actually read those research papers, you would know that it was basically prôpàgàndà.


"In their paper, the researchers acknowledged that “all our genetic data were obtained from a single site in Middle Egypt and may not be representative for all of ancient Egypt.” https://www.washingtonpost.com/news...eveals-their-ancestry/?utm_term=.eaab62101b46

With this quote alone, I could disregard the whole study. They admit to it themselves that this is a lie. Let's not forget that Abusir is filled with foreigners.

"Importantly, there is evidence for foreign influence at Abusir el-Meleq. Individuals with Greek, Latin and Hebrew names are known to have lived at the site and several coffins found at the cemetery used Greek portrait image and adapted Greek statue types to suit ‘Egyptian’ burial practices.
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15694?proof=true&error=cookies_not_supported






Here is the opinion of the new DNA research from a Ph.D. in Egyptology. Here are the credentials of Dr. Sally Ann Ashton

The author of this blog is Dr Sally-Ann Ashton. She has a BA in Ancient Greek from the University of Manchester, and has a BA (Hons) and MA in Classical Archaeology from King’s College London. She remained at King’s to undertake research for a PhD in Egyptian Archaeology. During this time she worked as a researcher in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities at The British Museum in London and later as co-curator for the special exhibition: ‘Cleopatra of Egypt: from history to myth’. Sally-Ann then moved to the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, University College London as a researcher. She was then appointed as Senior Assistant Keeper in the Department of Antiquities at the Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge with curatorial responsibility for Ancient Egypt and Sudan until 2015.
https://www.hoart.cam.ac.uk/people/dr-sally-ann-ashton
https://www.cam.ac.uk/people/sally-ann-ashton
Her blog
http://kemetexpert.com/about/






This is her opinion on the fake DNA research:

The sample size is very small; it is limited to a single area; it covers a period of over 1000 years; the majority of the sample was taken from Late Period to the Roman Period, so it really isn’t possible to extrapolate to earlier periods. All of these limitations are, if I recall correctly, cited in the full paper.
The sampling was heavily flawed. So, I don’t really see that the study is worth trying to rationalise.
http://kemetexpert.com/dna-from-kemet-does-it-really-have-all-of-the-answers/#comments





I dare you @Thegoodshepherd and any other user to bring me sources from the top institutions besides the false DNA study.

@Amun @Bahal @World @Prince Abubu


@Ferrari I hope my two posts will change your opinion.

 

[Lord Flacko]

@DeathWish could you tell me in one sentence what it is your arguing for exactly? This is just a question btw

 

[DeathWish]

@DeathWish could you tell me in one sentence what it is your arguing for exactly? This is just a question btw

No problem! @Amun and the others are saying that Kemet (ancient Egypt) was a Middle Eastern civilization just like Mesopotamia. I have provided sources above of various institutions that clearly state that Egypt was from Africa. I also agree with you when you said that Somalis originated from Southern Egypt genetically. I've actually found proof that Somalis are one of the closest living relatives of the ancient Egyptians.

"The Naqada (ancient Egyptian) crania grossly fit well into the range of variation observed in, and described for “neolithic” Saharan, Nubian, Kushite, Somali and other African crania. From a morphological perspective, Peloponesian and Byzantine (Aegean) crania are notably less similar to the Naqada."

Analysis of Naqada Predynastic crania: a brief report
Interregional Contacts in the Later Prehistory of Northeastem Africa Poznari 1996
Shomarka O. Y. Keita



This graph is from 2005

In this graph, the Somalis are grouped together with the ancient Nubians and the Naqadans (Egyptians) making a single category known as the Prehistoric/Recent Northeast African category

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1325007/




In this video, Dr. Shomarka Keita shows how Egypt originates from Africa. In several of his slides, you will see that Somalis are very close to the Egyptians

Cambridge University
https://www.sms.cam.ac.uk/media/1191623

 

[Thegoodshepherd]

Carniometrey is not to be compared to genetics. Egyptians cluster with the various people of the Eastern Mediterranean.

Modern Egyptians are the Ancient Egyptians an no amount of suugo science on the part of stupid Afrocentrists will change that. Your attempt to rob 90 million people of their history will never succeed, its better to give up.

Kulaha Somalis are related to Ancient Egypt!

 

[Lord Flacko]

No problem! @Amun and the others are saying that Kemet (ancient Egypt) was a Middle Eastern civilization just like Mesopotamia. I have provided sources above of various institutions that clearly state that Egypt was from Africa. I also agree with you when you said that Somalis originated from Southern Egypt genetically. I've actually found proof that Somalis are one of the closest living relatives of the ancient Egyptians.

"The Naqada (ancient Egyptian) crania grossly fit well into the range of variation observed in, and described for “neolithic” Saharan, Nubian, Kushite, Somali and other African crania. From a morphological perspective, Peloponesian and Byzantine (Aegean) crania are notably less similar to the Naqada."

Analysis of Naqada Predynastic crania: a brief report
Interregional Contacts in the Later Prehistory of Northeastem Africa Poznari 1996
Shomarka O. Y. Keita



This graph is from 2005

In this graph, the Somalis are grouped together with the ancient Nubians and the Naqadans (Egyptians) making a single category known as the Prehistoric/Recent Northeast African category

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1325007/




In this video, Dr. Shomarka Keita shows how Egypt originates from Africa. In several of his slides, you will see that Somalis are very close to the Egyptians

Cambridge University
https://www.sms.cam.ac.uk/media/1191623

Ancient Egypt as a term is too broad. There where Nubian dynasties in the start of whom where clearly black Africans, and there where "Mesopotamian"-like dynasties, Greek/Macedonian dynasties etc etc. Most of Afro Asiatic people in Africa share a lineage that was spread from Ancient Egypt f.ex. That's why some pharaohs carry E1b1b1 including over a third of Modern Egyptians.


Egypt was a center for everything in the middle of everything and because of that it was very diverse. I get your point and agreed with it, but it's not the only truth per se. It's way closer than the suugo scientists on here though and back up your claims which is nice.

 

[Luna]

You're laughing at me while the things you stated sounds retarded. According to you, the Oxford, Chicago, Cambridge and many more universities came to the wrong conclusion. All top institutions will say without a doubt that Egypt originated from the South and not Mesopotamia. Only one of the studies that I've cited was made before 1990. If you believe the new DNA study, you just proved how dumb and gullible you really are. If you actually read those research papers, you would know that it was basically prôpàgàndà.


"In their paper, the researchers acknowledged that “all our genetic data were obtained from a single site in Middle Egypt and may not be representative for all of ancient Egypt.” https://www.washingtonpost.com/news...eveals-their-ancestry/?utm_term=.eaab62101b46

With this quote alone, I could disregard the whole study. They admit to it themselves that this is a lie. Let's not forget that Abusir is filled with foreigners.

"Importantly, there is evidence for foreign influence at Abusir el-Meleq. Individuals with Greek, Latin and Hebrew names are known to have lived at the site and several coffins found at the cemetery used Greek portrait image and adapted Greek statue types to suit ‘Egyptian’ burial practices.
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15694?proof=true&error=cookies_not_supported






Here is the opinion of the new DNA research from a Ph.D. in Egyptology. Here are the credentials of Dr. Sally Ann Ashton

The author of this blog is Dr Sally-Ann Ashton. She has a BA in Ancient Greek from the University of Manchester, and has a BA (Hons) and MA in Classical Archaeology from King’s College London. She remained at King’s to undertake research for a PhD in Egyptian Archaeology. During this time she worked as a researcher in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities at The British Museum in London and later as co-curator for the special exhibition: ‘Cleopatra of Egypt: from history to myth’. Sally-Ann then moved to the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, University College London as a researcher. She was then appointed as Senior Assistant Keeper in the Department of Antiquities at the Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge with curatorial responsibility for Ancient Egypt and Sudan until 2015.
https://www.hoart.cam.ac.uk/people/dr-sally-ann-ashton
https://www.cam.ac.uk/people/sally-ann-ashton
Her blog
http://kemetexpert.com/about/






This is her opinion on the fake DNA research:

The sample size is very small; it is limited to a single area; it covers a period of over 1000 years; the majority of the sample was taken from Late Period to the Roman Period, so it really isn’t possible to extrapolate to earlier periods. All of these limitations are, if I recall correctly, cited in the full paper.
The sampling was heavily flawed. So, I don’t really see that the study is worth trying to rationalise.
http://kemetexpert.com/dna-from-kemet-does-it-really-have-all-of-the-answers/#comments





I dare you @Thegoodshepherd and any other user to bring me sources from the top institutions besides the false DNA study.

@Amun @Bahal @World @Prince Abubu


@Ferrari I hope my two posts will change your opinion.

You're preaching to a sleeping congregation. They already have their own fixed beliefs and are not open to anything that challenges that.
They're okay being lied to by scientists with obvious racial biases. Very sad.

 

[Lord Flacko]

Carniometrey is not to be compared to genetics. Egyptians cluster with the various people of the Eastern Mediterranean.

Modern Egyptians are the Ancient Egyptians an no amount of suugo science on the part of stupid Afrocentrists will change that. Your attempt to rob 90 million people of their history will never succeed, its better to give up.

Kulaha Somalis are related to Ancient Egypt!

"Cluster with the various people of the eastern Mediterranean" is one of the most stupid things I've read. Eastern Mediterranean is only geographical. Genetically it is a cluster f*ck. Also this

Genetic analysis of modern Egyptians reveals that they have paternal lineages common to indigenous other Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in Northeast and Northwest Africa (Maghreb and Horn of Africa), and to Middle Eastern peoples to a lesser extent—these lineages would have spread during the Neolithicand were maintained by the predynastic period.[10][11]

Other studies have shown that modern Egyptians have genetic affinities primarily with populations of Asia, North and Northeast Africa,[15][16][17][10] and to a lesser extent Middle Eastern and European populations.[18]

The most prominent haplogroup in modern Egyptians is

and

in that order. Both are main Afro Asiatic lineages.


The precursor E1b1b1 in our case came from the Horn into Ancient Egypt where it spread and remained. Proto Cushites or whatever you wanna call them wandered down from Egypt slowly splitting along the way before the most final split 3000 years ago (which is when the shared gene pool with Habeshas ended according to one actual geneticist) when the Proto Somali wandered into the Somali Peninsula and the Proto Ethiopian wandered into Southern Ethiopia with those who wandered further than that ending up completely swallowed by Bantus and Nilotics.

 

[DeathWish]

Ancient Egypt as a term is too broad. There where Nubian dynasties in the start of whom where clearly black Africans, and there where "Mesopotamian"-like dynasties, Greek/Macedonian dynasties etc etc. Most of Afro Asiatic people in Africa share a lineage that was spread from Ancient Egypt f.ex. That's why some pharaohs carry E1b1b1 including over a third of Modern Egyptians.


Egypt was a center for everything in the middle of everything and because of that it was very diverse. I get your point and agreed with it, but it's not the only truth per se. It's way closer than the suugo scientists on here though and back up your claims which is nice.

Walaal, you are correct, but I'm not discussing the moments where other ethnicities conquered Egypt, I'm talking about its origin and where the culture originated from. Thanks a lot for your feedback!

Carniometrey is not to be compared to genetics. Egyptians cluster with the various people of the Eastern Mediterranean.

Modern Egyptians are the Ancient Egyptians an no amount of suugo science on the part of stupid Afrocentrists will change that. Your attempt to rob 90 million people of their history will never succeed, its better to give up.

Kulaha Somalis are related to Ancient Egypt!

I dared you to bring some evidence, but instead, you bring your conjecture.

I never knew that Ph.D.'s in the subject were debating can be considered as suugo scientists and Afrocentrists!

Just admit defeat and leave. You're only embarrassing yourself.



@Amun come in here and get another karbaash!


For the Copts to be related to the ancient Egyptians they must cluster with other Northeast Africans just like the ancient Egyptians, correct?

"Copts, with a strong individual heterogeneity, are more similar to Arabs (FST = 0.019) than to any other East African population."
"Copts show a common ancestry with North African (Berbers) and Middle Eastern populations."
"The North African/Middle Eastern genetic component is identified especially in Copts."

"Nubians were influenced by Arabs as a direct result of the penetration of large numbers of Arabs into the Nile Valley over long periods of time following the arrival of Islam around 651 A.D"
(If the Arabs were able to mix with Nubians to the point that they now cluster with Arabs, imagine what they did to the Egyptians.)

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep09996

 

[World]

Walaal, you are correct, but I'm not discussing the moments where other ethnicities conquered Egypt, I'm talking about its origin and where the culture originated from. Thanks a lot for your feedback!


I dared you to bring some evidence, but instead, you bring your conjecture.

I never knew that Ph.D.'s in the subject were debating can be considered as suugo scientists and Afrocentrists!

Just admit defeat and leave. You're only embarrassing yourself.



@Amun come in here and get another karbaash!


For the Copts to be related to the ancient Egyptians they must cluster with other Northeast Africans just like the ancient Egyptians, correct?

"Copts, with a strong individual heterogeneity, are more similar to Arabs (FST = 0.019) than to any other East African population."
"Copts show a common ancestry with North African (Berbers) and Middle Eastern populations."
"The North African/Middle Eastern genetic component is identified especially in Copts."

"Nubians were influenced by Arabs as a direct result of the penetration of large numbers of Arabs into the Nile Valley over long periods of time following the arrival of Islam around 651 A.D"
(If the Arabs were able to mix with Nubians to the point that they now cluster with Arabs, imagine what they did to the Egyptians.)

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep09996

Nubians are Muslim whilst Copts were Christian. That means the latter are/were endogenous and wouldn’t mix with the Muslims.

 

[Malikfiqi]

Walaal, why are you asking this man something he has no knowledge about? I know you consider me a biased person, but do you consider the following institutes as Afrocentric liars? Walaa. if you truly want information then just read through the sources that I'll provide and not @Amun fake history. Tell me if I changed your opinion or not!

@Amun @World @sophisticate @Bahal @Sharmake shark @Prince Abubu @Menelik III
I dare you all to refute my argument! I doubt any of you have the balls!



University of Chicago

Qustul in Nubia could well have been the seat of Egypt's founding dynasty.

https://oi.uchicago.edu/museum-exhibits/special-exhibits/nubia-salvage-project-1

In the earliest stages, the Neolithic of Sudanese tradition strongly influenced the Tasian culture of Upper Egypt as illustrated by the famous caliciform beakers of the Sudanese Neolithic that appear also in the deserts, Lower Nubia, and at Deir Tasa (Brunton 1937, pl. 12.52–67; Friedman and Hobbs 2002, fig. 4; Darnell 2002, p. 162; Reinold 2000, p. 61). This participation in Dynastic culture by Nubia should come as no surprise, since Nubia and Egypt were not only deeply intertwined, they also both belonged to the “great east African substratum” (Frankfort 1948, p. 6). Since Nubia and Egypt were not only deeply intertwined, they also both belonged to the “great east African substratum” (Frankfort 1948, p. 6).

https://www.academia.edu/6346715/Th...Civilization_Chicago_Oriental_Institute_2011_



University of Oxford

Other ancient Egyptian practices show strong similarities to modern African cultures including divine kingship, the use of headrests, body art, circumcision, and male coming-of-age rituals, all suggesting an African substratum or foundation for Egyptian civilization.."
Source: Donald Redford (2001) The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Egypt,Volume 3. Oxford University Press. p. 28

The African origins of Egyptian civilisation lie in an important cultural horizon, the ‘primary pastoral community’, which emerged in both the Egyptian and Sudanese parts of the Nile Valley in the fifth millennium BC. It has been clear for some decades that the later prehistory of Egypt cannot be adequately understood in isolation from a wider African context (see O’Connor & Reid 2003, with reviews of earlier literature). The aim of the present article is to define an important horizon of cultural change, belonging to the fifth millennium BC, linking Egypt’s early development firmly to that of its southern neighbours in Nubia and central Sudan

http://www.academia.edu/31488087/Cu...istoric_perspective_on_Egypts_place_in_Africa


University of Cambridge

Were the Ancient Egyptians Africans? What colour was their skin?

Yes. Egypt is in Africa and there are many cultural links to other African civilisations.

If we look at the skin colour and also facial features on representations of Egyptians, many are what we would consider today to be Black African. Skin colours on temple and wall reliefs show ranges between dark brown and black, which is typical of what we see today with regard to people of Black African descent or origin. Furthermore, Nubians, a group who are accepted universally as Black Africans are, like their neighbours from Kemet, shown on reliefs with both jet black and red-brown skin and can be distinguished as Nubians by their short wigs.

http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/dept/ant/egypt/kemet/virtualkemet/faq/


British Museum (one of the top museums in the world)

In the Predynastic period, the Egyptian and Nubian identities still shared many common traits derived from a common ancestry. The Naqada (Egyptian) culture developed from the Badarian(Egyptian) culture which, as the Tasian, was related to the Nubian Neolithic tradition (Gatto 2002; 2006c). Thus, the definition of what was Egyptian or Nubian at that time in the First Cataract region (and the southern part of Upper Egypt) is not so obvious
https://www.academia.edu/327904/Egy..._from_the_First_Cataract_and_its_surroundings

Smithsonian Museum (the top museum in the world)

Previous analyses of cranial variation found the Badari and Early Predynastic Egyptians to be more similar to other African groups than to Mediterranean or European populations (Keita, 1990; Zakrzewski, 2002). This suggests that, at least through the Early Dynastic period, the inhabitants of the Nile valley were a continuous population of local origin, and no major migration or replacement events occurred during this time.

Studies of cranial morphology also support the use of a Nubian (Kerma) population for a comparison of the Dynastic period, as this group is likely to be more closely genetically related to the early Nile valley inhabitants than would be the Late Dynastic Egyptians, who likely experienced significant mixing with other Mediterranean populations (Zakrzewski, 2002). A craniometric study found the Naqada (Egyptian) and Kerma populations to be morphologically similar (Keita, 1990).
https://www.academia.edu/470411/Den...sts_Difficult_transition_and_gradual_recovery

Manchester Museum/ University

To sum up, Nubia is Egypt’s African ancestor. What linked Ancient Egypt to the rest of the North African cultures is this strong tie with the Nubian pastoral nomadic lifestyle, the same pastoral background commonly shared by most of the ancient Saharan and modern sub-Saharan societies. Thus, not only did Nubia have a prominent role in the origin of Ancient Egypt, it was also a key area for the origin of the entire African pastoral tradition.

http://www.academia.edu/545582/The_..._Africa_A_View_from_the_Archaeological_Record

*Must not get triggered

 

[Thegoodshepherd]

"Cluster with the various people of the eastern Mediterranean" is one of the most stupid things I've read. Eastern Mediterranean is only geographical. Genetically it is a cluster f*ck. Also this




The most prominent haplogroup in modern Egyptians is View attachment 33732
and View attachment 33733
in that order. Both are main Afro Asiatic lineages.


The precursor E1b1b1 in our case came from the Horn into Ancient Egypt where it spread and remained. Proto Cushites or whatever you wanna call them wandered down from Egypt slowly splitting along the way before the most final split 3000 years ago (which is when the shared gene pool with Habeshas ended according to one actual geneticist) when the Proto Somali wandered into the Somali Peninsula and the Proto Ethiopian wandered into Southern Ethiopia with those who wandered further than that ending up completely swallowed by Bantus and Nilotics.
View attachment 33734

Haplogroups don’t matter except for population migration. What matters for ancestry is autosomal dna, and according to this metric Egyptians are basically Eurasians, with some African ancestry. Egypt is not and has never been a country of “black” or “african” people.

We are related to the Egyptians, but they are not our ancestors. Somalis did not come from Egypt, the ancestors responsible for the 40% or so of our Eurasian autosomal dna came from Egypt.