This is sheer lunacy; why can't African Countries maintain some semblance of peace and order?
Ethiopia is a failed nation-state, it failed the moment Oromos started becoming ethnically and linguistically conscious and becoming more Protestant/Muslim because this meant that assimilating them into the Orthodox/Habesha core became impossible. Amharas are starting to see this and will try to leave. Ethnic federalism just put the nail in the coffin, we're just waiting to see how longs this drags on before it totally implodes.I can't speak for other countries, but in the case of Ethiopia, there're no genuine will from the top leaders to ensure long term peace and stability, at least not in practice that doesn't contradict with their promises. Everyone in Addis want to rule without consideration of its people, which result in people revolting just to have their voice heard. Not as a first choice, but when peaceful demonstrations are limited/prohibited/answered with bullets, people turn to taking up arms.
Just look at the past 30 years, the four largest ethnic groups in Ethiopia have been involved in some form of conflict with the state, even lasting decades: Oromos, Tigrayans, Somalis and Amharas. The gov't always talks about creating a national dialogue to solve issues through mutual understanding, but it never materializes because it goes against their own interest. The same cycle continues over and over again, with no end date.
Until they respect the people they're supposed to represent, which can also happen without 'democracy', it will never lead to permanent peace. Some militant groups will also take advantage of these instability to push their own agenda, but overall most people just want peace.
There is 0 trust in Ethiopia and the rest of Africa for other ethnic groups within the same country. Impossible to get anywhere if most the country doesn't even feel they have a common destiny. There's a good book on this topic which really opened my eyes on this. Only those societies with a high degree of social trust will be able to create the flexible, large-scale business organizations that are needed to compete and thrive in the modern world, and it will largely be the same socieites and people's that dominated in the past (East Asia/West)
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